Basic Data on the Solar Planets

PLANET

Distance from
Sun (millions)

Diameter at
Equator

Mass kg &
U.S. Tons

Density
gm/cc

Length
of Day

Length
of Year

Moons

Atmospheric
Composition

Rock Planets

 MERCURY 

57.9 km
35.96 mi

4,879 km
3,031 mi

3.3x10²³
3.63x10²⁰

5.41

58.6 d

0.241 yr
87.97 d

0

Traces of sodium,
helium and oxygen

VENUS

108.2 km
67.22 mi

12,104 km
7,519 mi

4.9x10²⁴
5.4x10²¹

5.25

243.0 d

0.615 yr
224.7 d

0

96% carbon dioxide
3.5% nitrogen

EARTH

149.6 km
 92.93 mi

12,756.28 km
7,924.36 mi

6.0x10²⁴
6.6x10²¹

5.52

23.93 hr

365.26 d

1

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
0.9% argon

MARS

227.94 km
 141.6 mi

 6,794 km
4,221 mi

6.4x10²³
7x10²⁰

3.9

 24.62 hr

1.881 yr
686.98 d

 2

95% carbon dioxide
3% nitrogen
1.6% Argon

Gas Giant Planets

JUPITER

778.3 km
483.5 mi

 142,984 km
 88,823 mi

1.9x10²⁷
2.1x10²⁴

1.3

9.92 hr

 11.86 yr
4,332 d

 16

90% hydrogen
10% helium
traces of methane

SATURN

1,429.4 km
 888 mi

 120,536 km
74,878 mi

5.7x10²⁶
6.3x10²³

0.7

10.2 hr

 29.46 yr
10,760 d

 min 18

97% hydrogen
3% helium
traces of methane

Ice Giant Planets *

URANUS

2,871 km
1,783.5 mi

 51,118 km
31,755 mi

8.7x10²⁵
9.6x10²²

1.3

17.9 hr

 84 yr
30,681 d 

 min 16

83% hydrogen
15% helium
2% methane

NEPTUNE

4,504.3 km
 2,798 mi

 49,492 km
 30,745 mi

1x10²⁶
1.1x10²³

1.6

16.1 hr

 164.8 yr
60,193 d 

 8

83% hydrogen
15% helium
2% methane 

Conversion information:

 39.36 inches = 1 meter
 39,360 inches = 1 km

 12 inches = 1 foot
 5,280 ft = 1 mile
 63,360 inches = 1 mile

 39,360 / 63,360 = 1 km in miles
 1 km = 0.62121 miles
 1 million km = 621,210 miles

 1 metric ton = 1,000 kg = 1.1 U.S. tons

  pi = 3.14159

* Most astronomy materials describe all four outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, as "gas giants".  However, according to Taylor, Stuart Ross. (1998) Destiny or Chance: Our Solar System and Its Place in the Cosmos, Cambridge University Press, p. 72, "Both these ice giants [Uranus and Neptune] are composed of a mixture of ice and rock, and contain only a little gas."

Although that would seem to contradict Scientific American, per Taylor the surface temperature of the two planets is only 59 degrees above absolute zero, so with the temperature and high pressure in the core, the hydrogen that isn't compressed into solid form by mass above it is frozen, slushy ice/snow or liquid.