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Textual Analysis - Strong's Numbers

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Textual Analysis - Interpreting Text and Testimony

Textual Analysis
Strong's Numbers

Textual Analysis - Statistical Analysis

What are Strong's Numbers?

Before computers, to find each place where a particular word is used in a particular text (e.g., a Shakespeare play), scholars would create a concordance, i.e., an index of words and their locations. Dr. James Strong compiled a list of the words in the Old and New Testaments and assigned each root word a number. His numbering system has become the standard in biblical references.


Strong's Concordance is still valuable today, for two reasons.

Often, a Hebrew or Greek word may be translated with a number of unrelated English words. The only way to know that this variety does not exist in the actual Bible text is either to look at the original language or to check the Strong's Number.

For instance, the Hebrew root g-d-l can be translated "powerful", "important", "great", "large", "big", "mighty", "strong", etc. (Note that they all contain the idea of power and/or physical size.)


Similarly, certain distinct Hebrew or Greek words are translated into English with a single word. 

Consider the English word "you". Hebrew distinguishes:

Meaning (subject)   Pronunciation    Rough English
         

"You" singular masculine
"You" singular feminine
"You" plural masculine
"You" plural feminine

 

ah-TAH
AHT
ah-TEHM
ah-TEHN

 

You   (sir)
You   (ma'am)
You   (gentlemen, folks)
You   (ladies)

 
Meaning (direct object)  
 

"You" singular masculine
"You" singular feminine
"You" plural masculine
"You" plural feminine

   

oat-KHAH
oh-TAKH
eht-KHEM
eht-KHEN

   

You   (sir)
You   (ma'am)
You   (gentlemen, folks)
You   (ladies)


Biblical Greek has even more words that would all be translated "you" because it distinguishes direct object, "I see you [direct object]", from indirect object: "I give you [indirect object] the book [direct object]."


Consider the English word "love". Greek has a number of words that are translated as English "love", including:

Greek

eros

filios

agape

   

Meaning

erotic love

filial love, "brotherly"love

"I love you enough to lay down my life for you."
(pronounced ah-GAH-pay) This term is used to describe the kind of love that Jesus of the New Testament had for all humans.
 

 

 


Ezekiel 43:3 Top: Masoretic text with vowels and singing marks. Bottom: Plain

Literal translations with Strong's Numbers: (vowels pronounced like Spanish)

 

 

Strong Meaning Hebrew   Pronunciation

| 4758 |

And like the appearance of

וכמראה

    ukh-mar-e   (kh is like ch in Bach)

| 4759 |

the appearance (or vision)

המראה

    ha-mar-e

|   834 |

which

אשר

    a-sher

| 7200 |

I saw

ראיתי

    ra-i-ti
  [was]      

| 4758 |

like the appearance

כמראה

    ka-mar-e

|   834 |

which

אשר

    a-sher

| 7200 |

I saw

ראיתי

    ra-i-ti

|   935 |

when I came (or "he" came)

בבאי

 

  b'vo-i   (' is like "a" in about)

| 7843 |

to destroy

לשחת

    li-sha-khet

| 5892 |

the city.

את־העיר

    eht ha-ir

| 4759 |

And the appearances

ומראות

 

  u-mar-ot   (ה is singular, ות is plural)

  [were]      

| 4758 |

like the appearance

כמראה

    ka-mar-e

|   834 |

which

אשר

    a-sher

| 7200 |

I saw

ראיתי

    ra-i-ti

| 5921 |

by (or at)

אל

    al

| 5104 |

the River

נהר

    n'har

| 3529 |

Chebar.

כבר

    k'var

| 5307 |

And I fell

ואפל

    va-e-pol

| 5921 |

on (or to)

אל

    al

| 6440 |

my face.

פני

    pa-nai

 

 


Hebrew linguistic structure is vastly different from English and European languages. In the above text, "And like the appearance of" is a single word in Hebrew, ukh-mar-e. The "u" should be a "v" and means "and". But in front of a kh the "v" changes to "u". The "kh" means "like". Actually, the "the" should be "ha". However, the "h" disappears if it is preceded by the "kh" of  "like". Then the remaining "a" disappears for other reasons!

I have indicated the root word associated with the Strong's Number by coloring it blue. In other words, at the end, Number 6440 means "face", not "my".

Let's say you find the word "man" in two locations in the Old Testament. Are they the same word in Hebrew? The Hebrew may use the word ah-DAHM in one place but eesh in the other. Eesh can also mean "husband", but ah-DAHM can't.

You can look up Strong's Numbers and see literal translations at: www.BlueLetterBible.org
 

 


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